Article and method for reactive mixtures

ABSTRACT

Articles having a plurality of pouches present in a single article, the pouches separately containing chemical materials which are capable of providing a reactive mixture mixed, that cures over time to provide a polymeric coating in certain embodiments. The chemical materials are maintained in separate pouches that are separated by one or more frangible seals. When a frangible seal is broken, such as by application of pressure to the article, the chemical materials in the separate pouches come into contact with one another and may be mixed together. Subsequent to their mixing, the mixture formed is removed from the article, such as by cutting the article with scissors, and applied to any substrate that is desired to be coated, when the chemical materials are selected to be capable of forming a cured coating subsequent to their mixture.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates generally to reactive mixtures. More particularly, it relates to an article having features that enable a person to provide a reactive mixture that is curable into a coating or other manufacture with minimal waste, essentially perfect stoichiometry, and with greatly reduced exposure to materials potentially detrimental to the human respiratory tract.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Various technologies exist whereby components of reactive mixtures that are capable of curing over time to form polymeric coatings and other manufactures are brought together with one another to form such reactive mixtures. Frequently, such components are supplied to end users in separate containers, which may be metal cans. At the time of use, the correct amount of each substance from such separate containers are combined in a third container, mixed until uniform, and then the mixture is used as desired. Some embodiments of the prior art include partially filling a vessel with one component of a reactive mixture and subsequently adding an appropriate or desired amount of a second component of a reactive mixture. Such prior art method can easily result in incorrect stoichiometry of the reactive components being mixed together, as well as waste of materials which are left coating container walls.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Articles useful for containing plural components of a mixture in distinct compartments for subsequent mixing within the article. An article according to an embodiment of the disclosure comprises a first layer of material and a second layer of material sealingly attached to the first layer of material along a first seal. There is also a frangible seal along which the first layer of material is effectively attached to the second layer of material. The frangible seal is configured and located sufficiently to define a first pouch having a first volume and a second pouch having a second volume within the article. The first pouch contains a first substance and the second pouch contains a second substance that is chemically reactive towards the first substance. When the frangible seal is ruptured such as by applying pressure to the article by hand, the materials present in the pouches become free to mix with one another, to provide a mixture that is curable over time to provide a polymeric or other reaction product material. In some embodiments the first layer material and second layer material are both polymeric materials, such as plastic films which may optionally contain metallic foil layers as part of their structure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of invention may take physical form in certain parts and arrangement of parts, preferred embodiment of which will be described in detail and illustrated in the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, and wherein:

FIG. 1A is a Perspective view of an article 10 provided in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 1B is a side perspective view of an article 10 provided in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 2A shows a perspective exploded view of an article according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 2B shows a perspective exploded view of an article according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a fixture useful in providing an article according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a fixture useful in providing an article according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an article 16 provided in accordance with an alternate embodiment of the disclosure; and

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an article 10 provided in accordance with further alternate embodiments of an article according to the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring now to the drawings, wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating embodiments of the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, FIG. 1A shows a perspective view of an article 10 provided in accordance with one embodiment of the disclosure. Article 10 is a single manufacture that includes two separate and distinct sealed pouches, including first pouch 7 and second pouch 9. In one embodiment, each of first pouch 7 and second pouch 9 are both formed from the same first layer of material and same second layer of material, which layers are substantially-planar layers of a film material, each of the layers employed having a perimeter. The first and second layers are sealingly attached to one another substantially along the entirety of their perimeters to provide first seal 3, and also sealingly attached to one another entirely along a segment disposed between first pouch 7 and second pouch 9 to provide a frangible seal 5. Thus, from an overhead perspective, first pouch 7 is bounded by first seal 3 on three of its sides, and by a segment on one of its sides comprising frangible seal 5. Similarly, second pouch 9 is bounded by perimeter 3 on three of its sides, and by a segment on one of its sides comprising frangible seal 5, with frangible seal 5 being a common boundary with respect to each of the first and second pouches. By virtue of such structure, these first and second pouches accordingly each comprise an interior volume of space disposed between the first and second layers and within the above-mentioned perimeter and segment boundaries. The volumes of space caused to be present in these pouches by virtue of their construction and dimensions, can be caused to contain solids, liquids, or gaseous substances, in isolation from the ambient surroundings and each other through selection of materials comprising the first and second layers, and seals as described herein. Moreover, additional advantage can be conferred by choice of materials and the strengths of the materials' bonds at areas of attachment of the first and second layers to one another at first seal 3 and segment seal 5. Although in some embodiments first seal 3 is disposed substantially along the perimeters of first layer 25 and second layer 27, the first seal 3 being substantially disposed along the perimeter of one or both of the layers 25, 27 is not an absolute requirement. In some embodiments, first seal 3 is provided in the form of a continuous closed loop, which seal 3 may exist in circular, rectangular, ovoid, irregular, or any selected geometric shape provided that first seal 3 is continuous and encloses an area on the first and second layers sufficient to define a volume of space between the layers that is isolated from the ambient surroundings by the layers. By such construction, an inner volume is provided between first layer 25, second layer 27 and first seal 3, which inner volume can be thought of as being further divided into two separate pouches 7, 9 by the presence of frangible seal 5.

In some embodiments, frangible seal 5 has a first end portion and a second end portion, with the first end portion of frangible seal 5 being disposed at a location along a first location of first seal 3, and the second end portion of frangible seal 5 being disposed at a location along a second location of first seal 3. In one embodiment, frangible seal 5 can be thought of as dividing such an inner volume into two separate pouches when a single frangible seal 5 is present, and into more pouches when an article as provided herein is made to include additional frangible seals.

FIG. 1B shows a side perspective view of an article 10 provided in accordance with one embodiment of the disclosure, such as that shown in FIG. 1A. In FIG. 1B are shown the respective locations of first seal 3, frangible seal 5, first pouch 7 and second pouch 9. First pouch 7 and second pouch 9 are seen to be bulging in this FIG. 1B, since in this embodiment each of these pouches have been caused to contain substances that are in the liquid state. Moreover, the material from which first pouch 7 and second pouch 9 are each formed are the same top layer 25 and bottom layer 27 for each pouch.

FIG. 2A shows a perspective exploded view of elements of a pouch construction according to one embodiment of the disclosure. In this FIG. 2A are shown top layer 25, bottom layer 27, optional tape layer 29, and optional tape layer segment 31. In one embodiment, prior to completing construction of an article 10 according to the disclosure, these elements are arranged to be in contact with one another, the materials that are desired to be disposed in first pouch 7 and second pouch 9 in the finished article 10 are put into their desired locations, and the perimeters of top layer 25 and bottom layer 27 are effectively sealed to one another along tape layer 29 and segment 31 to provide a construct shown and described in reference to FIG. 1B.

In one embodiment, tape layer segment 31 is placed as shown in FIG. 2B, and a tape layer structure 14 comprising tape layer 29 and tape layer segment 31 in such configuration is thus provided, having a top face and a bottom face. First layer 25 and second layer 27 each have a top face and a bottom face, with the bottom face of first layer 25 being disposed towards the top face of tape layer structure 14, and the top face of second layer 27 being disposed towards the bottom face of tape layer structure 14. In one embodiment, first layer 25, second layer 27 and tape layer structure 14 are maintained in a substantially flat or planar form, and the bottom face of first layer 25 and top face of second layer 27 are caused to be in contact with tape layer structure 14 along their perimeters and the location of tape layer segment 31. Sufficient heat for fusion of the first layer 25 and second layer 27 to the tape layer structure 14 is applied along the perimeters of the first and second layers, and along tape layer segment 31, to provide the structure of article 10 shown and described in reference to FIG. 1A, having a first seal 3 and a frangible seal 5. When such a structure is provided in the ambient atmosphere, first pouch 7 and second pouch 9 will contain the ambient atmosphere. When such a structure is provided in a controlled atmosphere, first pouch 7 and second pouch 9 will contain a gaseous composition comprising the controlled atmosphere, which may be any composition desired that is non-reactive towards the materials from which article 10 is selected to be comprised. In other embodiments, materials in the liquid state may be caused to be disposed in first pouch 7 and second pouch 9. Thus, in some embodiments by the structures provided herein, first layer 25 is in effective contact with second layer 27 by virtue of their both being commonly attached to tape layer structure 14. In embodiments when a tape layer structure 14 is selected to not be present, first layer 25 is in effective contact with second layer 27 by virtue of their both being sealingly attached directly to one another by application of heat sufficient for fusion of the layers 25, 27 with one another at or along the locations of first seal 3 and frangible seal 5. In embodiments when tape layer structure 14 is selected to be present, tape layer structure 14 need not necessarily be rectangular in configuration, but may take on any shape selected by one making an article according to the disclosure, provided that the finished article 10, 15 comprises a first seal 3 and frangible seal 5 disposed between two layers of material, and the seals are configured to define separate pouches on the article in which substances may be contained isolated from one another, separated by a frangible seal which upon its rupture provides for the admixture of the substances formerly contained in the separate pouches previously present. Suitable shapes include without limitation polygonal, circular, square, rectangular, ovoid and shaped seals having irregular and non-polygonal geometry.

In some embodiments top layer 25 and bottom layer 27 are each selected to be materials that are heat-fusible to one another, and the optional tape layer structure 14 of FIG. 2B is omitted from article 10 as shown in FIG. 1A. In one embodiment, first layer 25 is comprised of the same material as second layer 27. In an alternate embodiment, second layer 27 is comprised of a different material than first layer 25 is comprised. In one embodiment, tape layer 29 is selected to be comprised of the same material as first layer 25 and second layer 27 are comprised. In another embodiment, tape layer 29 is selected to be comprised of a different material than at least one, and alternately both of which first layer 25 and second layer 27 are comprised. In one embodiment, tape layer segment 31 is selected to be comprised of the same material that tape layer 29 is comprised. In another embodiment, tape layer segment 31 is selected to be comprised of a material that is different than that of which tape layer 29 is comprised. Thus, first layer 25, second layer 27, tape layer 29, and tape layer segment 31 may in one embodiment all be comprised of the same material. In alternate embodiments, each of these named elements comprising the first layer 25, second layer 27, tape layer 29 and tape layer segment 31 may be independently selected to be comprised of the same or different materials than any one or more, or all of the remaining named elements, in any combination of likeness or difference of composition of these elements desired.

Materials suitable for construction of an article as provided herein from which first layer 25 and second layer 27 may each be comprised, including embodiments wherein these layers are compositionally different of one another, and embodiments wherein both are comprised of the same material, include without limitation: polyolefin homopolymers, polyolefin co-polymers, styrene polymers, styrene copolymers, NYLON® polymers, MYLAR® polymers, metallic foils, and blends, multi-layered, and composite structures containing any number of the foregoing in any proportion, or any arrangement of layers when 25, 27 are selected to be comprised of multi-layered materials. When metallic foils are employed as a component layer of a multi-layered structure herein, in some embodiments the metallic foil is present as an inner layer of a multi-layered structure. One non-limiting example of a material suitable for use as the first layer 25 and second layer 27 in an article herein is known as ESP-500 foil laminate film, available from Eastern States Packaging, Inc. of Stoughton, Mass., USA 02072. In some embodiments the first layer 25 and second layer 27 are comprised of materials having a thickness in the range of between about 0.05 millimeters to about 0.50 millimeters, including all thicknesses and ranges of thicknesses therebetween, as determined by TAPPI T411. In some embodiments the puncture resistance of the first layer 25 and second layer 27 is at least about 14 lbs, per FED101, 2065, and the tensile modulus is at least about 25 pounds per inch, TAPPI T494. The Mullen Burst is between about 40 and about 85 PSI, including all values and ranges of values therebetween per TAPPI T403. Atmospheric water vapor and oxygen transmission rates of materials suitable for use as first layer 25 and second layer 27 are low enough so that pouch contents to not react or degrade over customary storage time and conditions. In some embodiments, first layer 25 and second layer 27 are both comprised of a polymeric film material, which may be selected from the aforesaid polymeric materials.

Suitable materials from which tape layer 29 and tape layer segment 31 may each be comprised, independently of one another or both being comprised of the same material, include without limitation films comprising waxes, adhesive-coated polymeric films, adhesive coated tapes, amorphous polyalpha olefin polymers, blends comprising ethylene/methacrylic acid ionomer and propylene/ethylene copolymers, any mixtures comprising any of the foregoing, and other materials and blends known in the art as being compatible with first layer 25 and second layer 27 from the standpoint of forming a seal therewith that is frangible upon applied pressure to first pouch 7 or second pouch 9, under force exerted by human hands upon an article provided herein. In some embodiments, tape layer 29 and segment 31 comprise a polymer film which has a known adhesive substance disposed on either one of its two faces, or on both of its faces, the adhesive substance selected being compatible with the other materials present on the article provided herein.

The present disclosure provides for the presence of liquid substances in first pouch 7 and second pouch 9 of an article 10 shown in FIG. 1A. In some embodiments, the liquid substances caused to be present in first pouch 7 and second pouch 9 are liquid substances that are different from one another in composition. In other embodiments, the liquid substances caused to be present in first pouch 7 and second pouch 9 are liquid substances that are different from one another in composition and are reactive towards one another, capable of forming new compositions or reaction products when mixed.

In one embodiment of an article 10 according to the disclosure, first pouch 7 is caused to contain a liquid composition that includes an organic isocyanate, which may include organic polyisocyanates, and second pouch 9 is caused to contain a liquid composition that includes material that is reactive towards an organic isocyanate, such as a polyamine. A tape layer structure 14 is selected to be present, and the material from which tape layer 29 is comprised is selected to be different from that of tape layer segment 31, to provide a first seal 3 having greater strength when a pouch present on an article provided herein is placed under pressure greater than ambient, than the frangible seal 5 on finished article 10. The greater strength of first seal 3 with respect to that of frangible seal 5 in one embodiment manifests itself when a sufficient amount of pressure is applied to either first pouch 7 or second pouch 9, to cause frangible seal 5 to rupture or fail, while first seal 3 remains intact under that same amount of applied pressure. That is to say, it is possible when proceeding according to some embodiments of this disclosure for a person to grasp article 10 as described, and squeeze it sufficiently with the hands to cause rupture of frangible seal 5 between first layer 25 and second layer 27, while first seal 3 remains intact. Upon such occurrence, the liquid substances present in first pouch 7 and second pouch 9 become free to admix with one another, the former first pouch 7 and second pouch 9 now collectively comprising a new single pouch that is larger in volume than former first pouch 7 and second pouch 9, which new single pouch is bounded on all of its sides by first seal 3 and of course layers 25, 27. By manually applying alternate gentle pressure to the areas of article 10 following rupture of frangible seal 5, the liquid substances formerly present in first pouch 7 and second pouch 9 can be blended and caused to form a single homogeneous mixture contained in the new single pouch.

This is of particular advantage when first pouch 7 and second pouch 9 each initially separately contain an organic polyisocyanate and a polyamine, respectively, for then a reactive polyurea precursor mixture can be readily provided as a homogeneous mixture using article 10. Following provision of a homogeneous mixture from blending of the contents of first pouch 7 and second pouch 9 after rupture of frangible seal 5, the new single pouch may be cut open, and its contents dispensed onto a substrate such as by pouring, for distribution about the substrate. In one embodiment, the substrate is a floor surface, and further distribution is carried out using a squeegee or other implements known in the art for spreading liquid substances into layers of desired thicknesses, in order to provide a polyurea precursor coating layer on the floor surface, which cures with time to form a polyurea floor coating. An article as provided herein is not limited to providing coating materials for floors. Other substrates to which the use of an article as provided by the present disclosure is helpful in providing reactive mixtures include without limitation walls, railcars, roads, motorized vehicles, cargo containers, processing equipment, sea-going vessels, and all substrates desirably coated by a polyurea or other coating.

As alternates to an article 10 having polyurea precursor materials present in first pouch 7 and second pouch 9, the present disclosure provides articles 10 having precursor materials present in first pouch 7 and second pouch 9 that are capable of forming reactive mixtures that yield polymeric materials other than polyurea coatings. Such other polymeric materials include without limitation: epoxy coatings precursors, polyaspartate polymer coatings precursors, and polyurethane coatings precursors.

When it is desired to provide a reactive mixture capable of forming a polyurethane or a polyurea, an organic isocyanate is selected to be present in either the first pouch 7 or first pouch 9 in an article 10 according to the disclosure. When it is desired to provide a reactive mixture capable of forming an epoxy, an organic epoxy material is selected to be present in either the first pouch 7 or first pouch 9 in an article 10 according to the disclosure. The remaining pouch, which does not contain either an organic isocyanate or an organic epoxy material, is caused to contain an organic polyamine when it is desired to provide a reactive mixture capable of curing and forming an epoxy or a polyurea material. For cases in which it is desired to provide a reactive mixture capable of forming a polyurethane, an organic polyol is provided in the remaining pouch that does not contain the organic isocyanate.

Thus, in some embodiments, two separate and distinct pouches present on an article as provided herein are caused to contain complementary reactive substances, which when mixed provide a mixture having a cure time after which a polymeric product results, which product may include without limitation, a floor coating. One example of complementary reactive substances is an organic isocyanate and an organic polyamine, which form a polyurea polymer after mixing and curing. Another example of complementary reactive substances is an organic isocyanate and an organic polyol, which form a polyurethane polymer after mixing and curing. Another example of complementary reactive substances is an organic epoxy and an organic polyamine, which form an epoxy polymer after mixing and curing. Another example of complementary reactive substances is an organic isocyanate and a polyaspartic ester, which form a polyaspartate polymer after mixing and curing.

Compositions from which polyurethane and polyurea materials may be produced typically contain at least one organic polyisocyanate compound. Isocyanates which may be present as an “A” component in a pouch 7 or 9 of an article 10 in accordance with this disclosure include any number of suitable aromatic or aliphatic-based polyisocyanates, such as toluene di-isocyanate, di-phenylmethane di-isocyanates, and isocyanate-containing prepolymers or quasi-prepolymers. These are standard isocyanate materials known to those skilled in the art. Preferred exemplary materials include MDI-based quasi-prepolymers such as those available commercially as RUBINATE® 9480, RUBINATE® 9484, and RUBINATE® 9495 from Huntsman International, LLC. Suitable aromatic polyisocyanates also include p-phenylene di-isocyanate, polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate, 2,6-toluene di-isocyanate, dianisidine di-isocyanate, bitolylene di-isocyanate, naphthalene-1,4-di-isocyanate, bis(4-isocyanatophenyl)methane, bis(3-methyl-3-iso-cyanatophenyl)methane, bis(3-methyl-4-isocyanatophenyl) methane, and 4,4′-diphenylpropane di-isocyanate. Other aromatic polyisocyanates useful in accordance with this disclosure are methylene-bridged polyphenyl polyisocyanate mixtures which have a functionality of from about 2 to about 4. These latter isocyanate compounds are generally produced by the phosgenation of corresponding methylene bridged polyphenyl polyamines, which are conventionally produced by the reaction of formaldehyde and primary aromatic amines, such as aniline, in the presence of hydrochloric acid and/or other acidic catalysts. Known processes for preparing polyamines and corresponding methylene-bridged polyphenyl polyisocyanates therefrom are described in the literature and in many patents, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,683,730; 2,950,263; 3,012,008; 3,344,162 and 3,362,979. Usually methylene-bridged polyphenyl polyisocyanate mixtures contain about 20 to about 100 weight percent methylene di-phenyl-di-isocyanate isomers, with the remainder being polymethylene polyphenyl di-isocyanates having higher functionalities and higher molecular weights. Typical of these are polyphenyl polyisocyanate mixtures containing about 20 to about 100 weight percent di-phenyl-di-isocyanate isomers, of which about 20 to about 95 weight percent thereof is the 4,4′-isomer with the remainder being polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanates of higher molecular weight and functionality that have an average functionality of from about 2.1 to about 3.5. These isocyanate mixtures are known, commercially available materials and can be prepared by the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,362,979. One useful aromatic polyisocyanate is methylene bis(4-phenylisocyanate) or MDI. Pure MDI, quasi-prepolymers of MDI, modified pure MDI, etc. are useful as an ingredient present in a pouch 7 or 9 herein. Since pure MDI is a solid and, thus, often inconvenient to use, liquid products based on MDI or methylene bis(4-phenylisocyanate) are also useful herein. U.S. Pat. No. 3,394,164 describes a liquid MDI product. More generally, uretonimine modified pure MDI is included also. This product is made by heating pure distilled MDI in the presence of a catalyst. The liquid product is a mixture of pure MDI and modified MDI. The term isocyanate also includes quasi-prepolymers of isocyanates or polyisocyanates with active hydrogen containing materials. A hydrogen is an active hydrogen if it is capable of participating in the Zerevitinov reaction (Th. Zerevitinov, Berichte 40, 2023 (1907) to liberate methane from methylmagnesium bromide.

Any of the isocyanates mentioned above may be used as an, or in an, isocyanate component in the present invention, either alone or in combination with any other aforementioned isocyanates. Other polyisocyanates and mixtures including polyisocyanates may be employed as those of ordinary skill will realize after considering this disclosure.

The isocyanates can also be selected from aliphatic isocyanates of the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,748,192. These include aliphatic di-isocyanates and, more particularly, are the trimerized or the biuretic form of an aliphatic di-isocyanate, such as hexamethylene di-isocyanate (“HDI”), or the bi-functional monomer of the tetraalkyl xylene di-isocyanate, such as the tetramethyl xylene di-isocyanate. Cyclohexane di-isocyanate is also to be considered a useful aliphatic isocyanate. Other useful aliphatic polyisocyanates are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,705,814. They include aliphatic di-isocyanates, for example, alkylene di-isocyanates with 4 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkylene radical, such as 1,12-dodecane di-isocyanate and 1,4-tetramethylene di-isocyanate. Also useful are cycloaliphatic di-isocyanates, such as 1,3 and 1,4-cyclohexane di-isocyanate as well as any mixture of these isomers, 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (isophorone di-isocyanate); 4,4′-,2,2′- and 2,4′-dicyclohexylmethane di-isocyanate as well as the corresponding isomer mixtures, and the like. All patent documents mentioned in this disclosure are herein incorporated by reference thereto. Generally speaking, the organic isocyanate used is an organic polyisocyanate, having more than one isocyanate reactive group present in the molecule; the term “isocyanate” as used in this disclosure and its appended claims includes polyisocyanates.

When it is desired to provide a reactive mixture using an article 10 according to the disclosure that yields a curable epoxy mixture, one of the materials present in pouch 7 or 9 is selected to be any material or mixture of two or more materials which contains at least two epoxy groups in its(their) molecular structure. Materials useful in providing curable epoxy mixtures are well-known in the art and the present disclosure provides for the use of all known organic epoxy resins, including without limitation epoxy NOVOLAC D.E.N.® 438 resin, ARALDITE® EPN 1180 resin, and NOVOLAC D.E.N.® 431 resin, and other epoxy resins specified in US Patent Application US 2005/0234216. Moreover, polyamines mentioned therein are also useful in providing an article 10 according to the disclosure.

For instances in which an article 10 according to the disclosure is desirably employed to provide a reactive mixture from which either a curable epoxy or polyurea composition results, a polyamine will be present in one of pouches 7 or 9 that does not contain an organic epoxy or isocyanate component. Polyamines useful for providing polyureas and cured epoxies are well-known in the art, and the present disclosure includes the use of any and all organic polyamines known to be useful in providing cured epoxies and polyureas. These include primary and secondary polyamines, whether they are aliphatic, aromatic or polyether polyamines, including without limitation those suitable polyamines sold under the JEFFAMINE® trademark and other trademarks by the Huntsman family of companies including Huntsman International, LLC.

For instances in which an article 10 according to the disclosure is desirably employed to provide a reactive mixture from which either a curable polyurethane composition results, a polyol will be present in one of pouches 7 or 9 that does not contain an organic isocyanate component. Polyols useful for providing polyurethanes are well-known in the art, and the present disclosure includes the use of any and all organic polyols, mixtures thereof, and mixtures including same, known by those skilled in the art to be useful in providing cured polyurethanes.

Thus, according to some embodiments, an article 10 according to the disclosure comprises a first pouch 7 and a second pouch 9 having a frangible seal disposed between them, which may be a frangible seal 5. It is common for one portion of a two-part curable composition to be called the “A” portion, and the remaining portion to be termed the “B” portion. Often, in the case of polyurea and polyurethane compositions, the isocyanate component is considered as being the “A” side, with the remaining component, either the polyamine or polyol, respectively, as the case may be, being termed the “B” side. According to the present disclosure, either the A or B side may be caused to be disposed in first pouch 7, with the remaining reactive component not present in the first pouch being caused to be present in the second pouch 9.

The stoichiometry of mixture is well-known in the art also, that is, the relative amounts of A-side component(s) and B-side component(s) that are necessary to be present in order to provide complete reaction between the components when they are mixed together, without either one being present in any appreciable excess from a reactivity standpoint, unless desired. These amounts are readily determinable by those skilled in the art. However, while the present invention has advantage that pouches 7, 9 of an article 10 according to the disclosure may be charged with exact amounts of A and B components in separate pouches for precise and perfect stoichiometry, which reduces waste and provides a perfect and uniform product with every employment of an article 10 as provided hereby, the present disclosure also includes instances in which either of first pouch 7 or second pouch 9 contains a reactant that is present in excess of the stoichiometric amount necessary to react with the component in the other or another pouch present. For example, when an isocyanate is selected to be present and is present in excess relative to the amount of polyol present in another pouch present, rupture of frangible seal 5 and mixture of the components can result in formation of a pre-polymer composition, which can be further reacted with other isocyanate-reactive materials at a later time, or can be reacted slowly by exposure to ambient air due to its inherent moisture content, to provide moisture-curable compositions, as such moisture-curable compositions are known to those skilled in the art.

One method for providing an article 10 as shown and described herein utilizes a fixture 12 shown in the perspective view of FIG. 3. Fixture 12 comprises four walls W1, W2, W3, and W4 arranged as shown to provide a substantially-rectangular geometric solid configuration having an open interior. In this configuration, each of walls W1, W2, W3, and W4 has a top edge, which when taken together collectively define top edge 11. There is also segment 15 having a first end portion, a second end portion, and a top edge 13, wherein the first end portion of segment 15 is attached to W3 and wherein the second end portion of segment 15 is attached to W1, sufficiently so that the flat top surface 13 of segment 15 is flush or is substantially co-planar with the flat top edge 11; the flat top edge 11 and flat top surface 13 collectively residing substantially in the same plane. In one embodiment, components of fixture 12 are comprised of aluminum and attachment of the various elements it comprises to one another as shown is made by conventional fastening means, such as by welding. In one embodiment, the aluminum of which fixture 12 is comprised is hollow, and electrical heating elements are present inside the elements of fixture 12 beneath flat top edge 11 and flat top surface 13 so that when the heating element(s) are energized, flat top edge 11 and top surface 13 can be caused to achieve a temperature sufficient for fusing first layer 25 and second layer 27 together, in either the presence or absence of a tape layer structure 14. There is a floor 21 disposed along the bottoms of walls W1, W2, W3, and W4, and also a vacuum nipple 23 that is attached to a hole disposed all of the way through wall W4 to the interior of the fixture 12. This enables application of a source of reduced pressure, such as a vacuum pump, to vacuum nipple 23, which can cause a reduced pressure to exist in both first chamber 17 and second chamber 19, since segment 15 does not extend all of the way down to floor 21. A second fixture 12 is also provided.

Thus, when using a pair of fixtures 12 to provide an article 10 according to one embodiment of the disclosure, material comprising first layer 25 is placed over fixture 12 such that first layer 25 is in contact with flat top edge 11 and top surface 13. A tape layer structure 14 is next placed over the first layer 25 so that the contour of tape layer structure 14 is disposed over flat top edge 11 and top surface 13, and then second layer 27 is placed over the tape layer structure 14. A second fixture 12 is subsequently placed over second layer 27 so that its flat top edge 11 and top surface 13 are coincident with top edge 11 and top surface 13 of the first fixture 12, with first layer 25, tape layer structure 14, and second layer 27 being disposed between the two fixtures 12, as shown in FIG. 4. Reduced pressure may be applied to vacuum nipples 23, and the desired liquid components may be caused to enter what are now first pouch 7 and second pouch 9, by their injection from reservoirs A and B in FIG. 4 through removable conduits having thin profiles. Heating elements present in the structures of fixtures 12 are energized, which causes fusion of the first and second layer materials 25, 27 to the tape layer structure 14, and the conduits through which materials from reservoirs A and B can be metered into first pouch 7 and second pouch 9 are opened, dispensing desired amounts of components A and B into first pouch 7 and second pouch 9. Once components A and B have been admitted into first pouch 7 and second pouch 9, the conduits are withdrawn, heat to the perimeter 3 and pressure between fixtures 12 is increased, and heating is subsequently ceased which causes fusion of the seals and the liquid materials to remain encapsulated in first pouch 7 and second pouch 9. The fixtures 12 are then separated from one another to provide article 10. In an alternate embodiment a non-stick fabric layer is present on top of flat top edge 11 and top surface 13 to prevent polymer of layers 25, 27 from sticking to the aluminum of fixture 12. In an alternate embodiment, the heating elements are wires embedded in fabric disposed on top edge 11 and top surface 13, which fabric has no affinity for the material from which first layer 25 and second layer 27 are comprised. In one embodiment, the fixtures 12 are held in contact with one another by means of a hydraulic press. In additional alternate embodiments, the present disclosure includes the use of methods and apparati known to those skilled in the art to provide an article 10 as herein shown and described.

Moreover, this disclosure provides an article 16 as an alternate embodiment shown in the perspective view of FIG. 5 wherein a third pouch 8 is present, in addition to first pouch 7 and second pouch 9. In this embodiment, third pouch 8 is caused to contain a substance that is desired to be included in a composition comprising an admixture of the contents of first pouch 7 and second pouch 9, but is not desirably included as a component of the contents of first pouch 7 or second pouch 9, due to its potential reactivity or instability in the presence of such contents or for any other reason. In one embodiment, first pouch 7 and second pouch 9 contain an organic isocyanate and an isocyanate-reactive substance respectively, and third pouch 8 is made to contain, without limitation, a material selected from the group consisting of: diluents, catalysts that catalyze the reaction between the contents of pouches 7 and 9, fillers, colorants, plasticizers, stabilizers, preservatives, pre-polymers, uv light inhibitors, and crosslinking agents. In other embodiments, third pouch 8 is made to contain, without limitation, a material selected from the group consisting of: dry fillers, quartz, sand, colored sand, sanded grout mix, unsanded grout mix, and flint particles. However, third pouch 8 may contain any substance generally recognized in the art as being beneficial when present in a mixture from which a curable material results over the course of time after the mixture is made. In additional embodiments, third pouch 8 may contain a substance that is reactive to the contents of pouch 7, that is different in composition than a material present in pouch 9 that is also reactive towards the contents of pouch 7. For example, pouch 7 may be caused to contain an isocyanate, pouch 8 may contain a polyol, and pouch 9 may contain a polyamine. When mixed, the composition is capable of forming a mixed polyurethane and poly urea coating precursor reactive mixture. Thus, by this structure, it is possible to rupture the frangible seal 5 disposed between the first pouch 7 and third pouch 8, and mix the contents of these pouches, and if desired, permit them to react for a chosen amount of time prior to rupturing the frangible seal 5 that is disposed between the second pouch 9 and third pouch 8 and subsequently creating a mixture comprising the contents of all pouches 7, 8, 9 effectively in a single pouch bounded only by first seal 3. By extension, the present disclosure provides multiple-pouched articles having any number of separate pouches present in a single article as are desired, each separated from one another by a frangible seal. This is beneficial from a manufacturing standpoint, since articles as provided herein can be mass-produced on a web having multiple pouches, and subsequently selectively cut into single manufactures having two, three, or any desired number of pouches at a later time.

The first seal 3 and frangible seal 5 may each be present having various widths in different embodiments of an article provided according to this disclosure. When no tape layer structure 14 is selected to be present, in some embodiments frangible seal 5 is made to be narrower than first seal 3. In an article provided according to some embodiments, first seal 3 may have any width in the range of between about three millimeters and about twenty-five millimeters, including all widths and ranges of widths therebetween, with a width of about six millimeters being preferable in some embodiments. In an article provided according to some embodiments, frangible seal 5 may have any width in the range of between about one millimeter and about twenty-five millimeters, including all widths and ranges of widths therebetween, with a width of about six millimeters being preferable in some embodiments. The selected widths of first seal 3 and frangible seal 5 may be chosen independently of one another from these ranges for all embodiments of the disclosure, provided that frangible seal 5 is weaker than first seal 3 under pressure applied to a pouch present sufficient to rupture frangible seal 5, leaving first seal 3 intact.

In some embodiments, the strength of the first seal 3 is made to be sufficient to not be ruptured or compromised until a pressure exceeding ambient in any selected amount of pressure between about 7.5 pounds per square inch to about 10 pounds per square inch, including all pressures and ranges of pressures therebetween, or greater, is caused to exist within a pouch bounded by first seal 3 of an article provided herein. In some embodiments of an article 10 according to the disclosure, the strength of first seal 3 is made to be sufficient to not be compromised under ambient conditions until a pressure differential in any amount between about 7.5 pounds per square inch and about 10 pounds per square inch, including all pressures and ranges of pressures therebetween, or greater, is caused to exist between the interior volume of at least one of either of said first pouch 7 or said second pouch 9 and the pressure of the ambient surroundings. As used in the foregoing sentence, a compromised seal is one which allows material present in either of said first pouch 7 or said second pouch 9, or their combined volumes comprising a new single interior volume in said article subsequent to rupture or compromise frangible seal 5, to flow to the external surroundings of an article provided herein. In some embodiments, the strength of the frangible seal 5 is sufficient to not be ruptured or compromised until a pressure exceeding ambient in any amount of pressure between about two pounds per square inch and about six pounds per square inch, including all pressures and ranges of pressures therebetween, is caused to exist within any pouch 7, 9, etc. present on or in an article provided herein. In some embodiments of an article according to the invention, the strength of frangible seal 5 is caused to be sufficient to not be compromised under ambient conditions until a pressure differential of any amount between about two pounds per square inch to about six pounds per square inch, including all pressures and ranges of pressures therebetween, is caused to exist between the interior volumes present in at least two pouches 7, 9, etc. present on or in the article. As used in the foregoing sentence, a compromised seal is one which allows material present in either or both of said first pouch 7 and said second pouch 9, or between pouch 8 (when present) and either of pouches 7, 9, to mix with one another between the layers 25, 27 of an article provided herein. Thus, in an article according to some embodiments of the disclosure first seal 3 does not rupture prior to rupture of frangible seal 5 when a steadily-increasing pressure is applied to one of the pouches present on the article. In one embodiment, by exercising care in slowly applying pressure to a pouch present on article as provided herein of say about five to six pounds per square inch above ambient, frangible seal 5 is caused to rupture, enabling the contents of the volumes of pouches 7, 9 to mix with one another, with first seal 3 remaining intact. In some embodiments of use of an article provided herein, an external pressure above ambient of any amount between about two pounds per square inch to about six pounds per square inch, including all pressures and ranges of pressures therebetween, is applied to either of pouches 7, 9, causing rupture or compromise of frangible seal 5, enabling subsequent mixing of the contents of pouches 7, 9 with one another, with first seal 3 remaining intact. The strengths of either the first seal 3 and frangible seal 5 as specified above may be caused to be present in an article according to this disclosure independently of the strength of the remaining seal.

In one non-limiting example, an article 10 is provided here as shown and described in relation to FIG. 1A, and first pouch 7 contains RS DIY 523 Polyaspartic Top Coat Part A product, available from RockSolid Floors Company of 3001 103^(rd) Lane NE of Blaine Minn. USA, and second pouch 9 contains a stoichiometric amount of RS DIY 523 Polyaspartic Top Coat Part B product, available from RockSolid Floors Company, sufficient to react with the material present in first pouch 7. Frangible seal 5 is fabricated to be ruptured at an applied pressure to the article 10 that is less than the applied pressure required to rupture first seal 3. In this example, frangible seal 5 is of sufficient width to rupture at an applied pressure of about six pounds per square inch, applied to either first pouch 7 or second pouch 9. First seal 3 is of sufficient strength so as to not be ruptured under an applied pressure of less than about 10 pounds per square inch.

In another non-limiting example, an article 10 is provided here as shown and described in relation to FIG. 1A, and first pouch 7 contains Polyurea BASE Coat Part A product, available from RockSolid Floors Company. Second pouch 9 contains a stoichiometric amount of Polyurea BASE Coat Part B product, available from RockSolid Floors Company, sufficient to react with the material present in first pouch 7. Frangible seal 5 is fabricated to have sufficient width to be ruptured at an applied pressure to the article 10 that is less than the applied pressure required to rupture first seal 3. In this example, frangible seal 5 ruptures at an applied pressure of about six pounds per square inch, applied to either first pouch 7 or second pouch 9. First seal 3 is of sufficient strength so as to not be ruptured when a pressure less than about 10 pounds per square inch is applied to either of said first pouch 7 or second pouch 9.

An article as provided herein also provides for workers using the article to be exposed to lower levels of airborne organic compounds over prior art means for preparing reactive mixtures as herein described. Within this context, workers includes ordinary persons such as homeowners who are not professional floor coatings installers, but nevertheless desire to provide their own floor coating. At the time of this writing, there exists no article in commerce as provided herein that enables a layperson to produce a floor coating merely by breaking a frangible seal in an article as provided herein. Accordingly, do-it-yourself types of persons desiring to create a coating for a floor or other substrate must obtain and measure the components themselves at present. Provision of an article according to the disclosure enables such persons to not have to go through the hassles associated with providing coatings according to conventional prior art methods. For example, proceeding to prior art methods often requires a worker to weigh or otherwise measure an amount of say, an organic isocyanate. When proceeding using an article according to this disclosure, the amounts of the components of the reactive mixture to be generated are pre-measured, all that is necessary is for the worker to rupture the frangible seal 5 by applying pressure to the article, mixing the contents manually by squishing the pouch back and forth by hand, and then cutting the first seal 3 to enable the resultant mixture to be dispensed onto a substrate. An article as provided herein thus greatly reduces or substantially eliminates potential exposure of do-it-yourself and other types of persons to volatile organic compounds, including those such as organic isocyanates and volatile amines. An article as provided herein thus limits the potential for sensitive reactions in persons respiratory tracts.

In alternate embodiments of an article provided according to the disclosure, any portion of, or the entirety of, any one or more of first seal 3 and frangible seal 5 present on an article as provided herein may be replaced by a re-closable seal, including those known in the art and those exemplified by U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,070,584; 5,140,727; and 5,647,100 (all incorporated herein by reference) and functionally-equivalent known re-closable seals. Such seals typically include a narrow ridge present on one panel of film that is capable of frictionally engaging a complimentary groove present on an adjacent second panel of film to form an air-tight seal as is known in the art. FIG. 6 shows various portions of an article according to the disclosure C, D, E, F, G wherein in some embodiments C, D, E, F are locations at which first seal 3 as herein described is present, and a frangible seal is disposed along location G. According to alternate embodiments, a segment of first seal 3 at any one or more of locations C, D, E, F is replaced by a re-closable seal, including without limitation re-closable seals such as those sold under the trademark ZIP-LOC®. In one exemplary embodiment, G is a frangible seal 5, locations D, E, F are a first seal 3, as described, and C comprises a re-closable seal. In another exemplary embodiment, G is a frangible seal 5, location D is a first seal 3, as described, and locations C, D, F each comprise a re-closable seal. However, any one, two, three or all four of locations C, D, E, F may comprise a re-closable seal in an article provided herein, location G being a frangible seal 5. Such variability of features are also useful in accordance with the embodiments shown and described in reference to FIG. 5. In alternate embodiments, frangible seal 5 located at G may be a re-closable seal, including without limitation ZIP-LOC® seals. In one exemplary embodiment, locations C, G, E each comprise a re-closable seal including without limitation ZIP-LOC® seal, and D and F comprise a first seal 3. A re-closable seal, when selected to be present, is readily incorporated into an article provided herein using known methods in the art for providing re-closable seals on pouches comprised of polymer films. This can include modifying the shapes of surfaces present on on fixture 12 shown and described in relation to FIG. 3 that contact the polymer film layers so that heat sufficient for fusion is only provided along locations at which first seal 3 is desired to be present, with no heat being applied to a previously-affixed re-closable seal. In an alternate embodiment, all seals desired to be present on the article are provided and the re-closable seal is provided to article 10 as a final step in production.

In some embodiments, an article as provided herein includes a breakaway pull open or tear open seal along an edge portion of the article, to facilitate opening of a pouch provided, after frangible seal 5 has been ruptured and the contents of pouches 7, 9 have been mixed. As mentioned, in some embodiments an article as provided may be opened after the reactive components have been mixed, such as by cutting the pouch with scissors. Including breakaway pull open or tear open seal along an edge portion of an article provided herein eliminates the need to use an implement such as scissors to cut or open the article for removal of its contents. In embodiments including a breakaway pull open or tear open seal along an edge portion of the article, any known seal used in packaging that comprises polymeric films that is manually openable by a person using their hands is suitable for use herein. One exemplary breakaway pull open or tear open seal is present on shredded natural swiss cheese product in six ounce size marketed by H-E-B of San Antonio Tex. under UPC 41220 71608. This feature may also include a notch N (FIG. 6) or tear present on the perimeter of an article as provided, which serves as a starter location for a person to pull and rip off a portion of the article, enabling the contents to be poured onto a substrate. With reference to FIG. 6, in one embodiment, G is a frangible seal 5, locations D, E, F are a first seal 3, as described, and C comprises a breakaway pull open or tear open seal.

Consideration must be given to the fact that although this invention has been described and disclosed in relation to various embodiments, modifications, combinations, and alterations of the features of various embodiments disclosed may become apparent to persons of ordinary skill in this art after reading and understanding the teachings of this specification, drawings, and the claims appended hereto. The present disclosure includes subject matter defined by any combinations of any one (or more) of the features, elements, or aspects present in any embodiment described in this disclosure with features, elements, or aspects described in relation to any other one (or more) embodiments described. These combinations include the incorporation of the features and/or limitations of any dependent claim, singly or in combination with features and/or limitations of any one or more of the other dependent claims, with features and/or limitations of any one or more of the independent claims, with the remaining dependent claims in their original text being read and applied to any independent claims so modified. These combinations also include combination of the features and/or limitations of one or more of the independent claims with features and/or limitations of another independent claims to arrive at a modified independent claim, with the remaining dependent claims in their original text or as modified per the foregoing, being read and applied to any independent claim so modified. The present invention has been disclosed and claimed with the intent to cover modifications and alterations that achieve substantially the/same result as herein taught using substantially the same or similar structures to the maximum permissible extent, being limited only by the scope of the claims which follow. 

1. An article useful for containing plural components of a mixture in distinct compartments and their subsequent mixing within said article, comprising: a first layer of material; a second layer of material sealingly attached to said first layer another along a first seal; and a frangible seal along which said first layer of material is sealingly attached to said second layer of material, said frangible seal being configured and located sufficiently to define a first pouch having a first interior volume and at least a second pouch having a second interior volume in said article, said first pouch containing a first substance and said second pouch containing a second substance that is chemically reactive towards said first substance, wherein the strength of said frangible seal is sufficient to not be ruptured under ambient conditions until a pressure differential of any amount in the range of between about two pounds per square inch to about six pounds per square inch, including all pressures and ranges of pressures therebetween, is caused to exist between the interior volumes of said first pouch and said second pouch, and wherein the strength of said first seal is sufficient to not be ruptured under ambient conditions until a pressure differential exceeding about 7.5 pounds per square inch is caused to exist between a volume within said article and the ambient pressure, subsequent to rupture of said frangible seal.
 2. An article according to claim 1 wherein said first seal comprises a continuous loop.
 3. An article according to claim 1 wherein said first pouch is bounded by a portion of said first layer, a portion of said second layer, said first seal and said frangible seal.
 4. An article according to claim 1 wherein said second pouch is bounded by a portion of said first layer, a portion of said second layer, said first seal and said frangible seal.
 5. An article according to claim 1 comprising a tape layer structure disposed between said first layer and said second layer.
 6. An article according to claim 5 wherein said tape layer structure comprises at least one polymeric material.
 7. An article according to claim 1 wherein said first layer of material is attached to said second layer of material at a tape layer structure present between and in contact with each of said layers along said first seal and said frangible seal.
 8. An article according to claim 1 wherein at least one of said first layer and said second layer comprises at least one polymeric material.
 9. An article according to claim 1 wherein said frangible seal is sufficiently weaker than said first seal, so as to enable rupture of said frangible seal when pressure is applied to said article by human hands, said first seal remaining intact.
 10. An article according to claim 1 wherein each of said first layer and said second layer have a perimeter, and wherein said first seal is located substantially along the perimeter of said first layer and said second layer.
 11. An article according to claim 1 wherein at least one of said first substance and said second substance is a liquid at 25 degrees centigrade.
 12. An article according to claim 1 wherein said first pouch and said second pouch respectively each separately contain complementary reactive substances which when mixed with one another following rupture of said frangible seal yield a mixture from which a cured polymeric material selected from the group consisting of: polyurethane polymers, polyurea polymers, epoxy polymers, and polyaspartic polymers may be provided.
 13. An article according to claim 12 wherein said cured polymeric material is suitable for use as a coating to be applied to a substrate.
 14. An article according to claim 13 wherein said article is substantially rectangular as viewed from an overhead perspective, being about 45 centimeters long and about 25 centimeters wide, wherein said first pouch has a volume that is in the range of between about 300 milliliters and 500 milliliters, and wherein said second pouch has a volume that is in the range of between about 800 milliliters and 1200 milliliters.
 15. An article according to claim 13 wherein said article is substantially rectangular as viewed from an overhead perspective, being about 45 centimeters long and about 25 centimeters wide, wherein said first pouch has a volume of about 500 milliliters and wherein said second pouch has a volume of about one liter.
 16. An article according to claim 1 further comprising a second frangible seal along which said first layer of material is effectively attached to said second layer of material, said second frangible seal being configured and located sufficiently to define a third pouch having a third volume in addition to said first and said second pouches.
 17. An article according to claim 16 wherein said third volume includes a material selected from the group consisting of: dry fillers, quartz, sand, colored sand, sanded grout mix, un-sanded grout mix, and flint particles.
 18. An article according to claim 1 wherein the width of said first seal is any width in the range of between about three millimeters and about twenty-five millimeters, including all widths and ranges of widths therebetween.
 19. An article according to claim 1 wherein the width of said frangible seal is any width in the range of between about one millimeter and about twenty-five millimeters, including all widths and ranges of widths therebetween.
 20. An article according to claim 18 wherein the width of said frangible seal is independently any width in the range of between about one millimeter and about twenty-five millimeters, including all widths and ranges of widths therebetween.
 21. An article according to claim 20 further comprising a tape layer disposed between said first layer of material and said second layer of material.
 22. An article according to claim 1 wherein said first seal includes at least one re-closable seal disposed at any location along its length.
 23. An article according to claim 1 wherein said article includes a tear open seal disposed at any location on said article sufficient to enable the contents of said article to be removed from said article after said tear open seal has been opened.
 24. An article according to claim 1 comprising a re-closable seal in the stead of said frangible seal.
 25. Method for providing a coating to a substrate, comprising: providing an article according to claim 1; applying sufficient pressure to said article to cause said frangible seal to rupture; mixing the contents of said first pouch with the contents of said second pouch to provide a mixture; opening said article to remove said mixture from said article; and applying said mixture to said substrate.
 26. Method according to claim 25 wherein said substrate is selected from the group consisting of: a floor, a wall, a railcar, a motorized vehicle, a cargo container, a road, processing equipment, and a sea-going vessel.
 27. Method according to claim 25 wherein said mixing is done by hand, said opening comprises cutting said article, and wherein applying comprises pouring said mixture from said article.
 28. A floor coating prepared according to the process of claim
 25. 